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Mesothelioma Mesothelioma is a cancer that grows in the linings that protect organs such as the chest and abdomen. Most often, asbestos exposure is the cause, particularly for those working in construction or industrial jobs. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a successful prognosis. baltimore mesothelioma lawsuit suffering from mesothelioma will have better outcomes when they are diagnosed earlier than the disease has progressed. Causes Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that forms in the tissue which lines the abdomen and chest. In most instances, mesothelioma is malignant and occurs in the lung lining (the pleura) or the lining of the stomach and the intestines (the peritoneum). It can also develop in other tissues such as the tissue that surrounds the heart (pericardial mesothelioma) and the testicles (tunica vaginalis mesothelioma). Mesothelioma's most common cause is asbestos exposure. Asbestos is a group minerals that contain microscopic fibers. Asbestos was once widely used in a variety of industries, such as construction, insulation and shipbuilding. The people who have been exposed to asbestos could develop mesothelioma-related symptoms for up to 40 years after their first exposure to the material. The most common symptom of mesothelioma is difficulty breathing. This is due to the accumulation of fluid in the lung's lungs and chest wall. Doctors can diagnose mesothelioma by looking over a patient's medical history and doing diagnostic tests. They will review the patient's X-rays computed-tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging scans (MRI) to determine whether there is a history of exposure to asbestos. A biopsy is used to diagnose the presence of pleural msothelioma. In this test, doctors will take a small piece of the affected area for examination under a microscope. A biopsy can be done using two different methods such as VATS (Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) which is a form of keyhole surgery or a needle that is inserted via the CT scan. Mesothelioma is often difficult to identify because the signs and symptoms are similar to those of other illnesses. This is why it's important to consult a doctor for any signs that worry you. When mesothelioma begins to manifest it's usually at an advanced stage. Treatment options are limited. The majority of patients suffering from lung mesothelioma die from complications such as pneumonia and respiratory failure. A smaller proportion of patients suffering from mesothelioma that affects other organs, such as those who suffer from pericardial or tunica vaginalis mesothelioma. They die due to complications of the heart or their bowels. Signs and symptoms It can be difficult to diagnose mesothelioma by doctors because many of its symptoms are similar to other diseases or conditions. They may begin by asking patients about their history of exposure to asbestos. They can also order an CT scan or chest X-ray in order to look for problems in the lungs and chest. The next step is usually a biopsy, where doctors take a small amount of tissue for testing of mesothelioma. A biopsy can aid in determining whether the cancerous cells are malignant. The lining of the lung is affected by pleural mesothelioma which can cause pain and shortness of breath that gets worse as time passes. These symptoms may also be caused by the accumulation of fluid in the lung (pleural effusion). Other symptoms of pleural Mesothelioma include bloody coughing, abdominal swelling, weight loss, fatigue, and breathing difficulties. Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rarer form of me and is usually associated with symptoms like abdominal discomfort, nausea as well as fatigue and fever. Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis region is not as common and may cause pain in the testicular region, a lump inside the scrotum and loss of appetite. If mesothelioma has spread to other organs doctors will employ a combination of treatments and tests to treat it. They may use surgery or chemotherapy treatment, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy to kill mesothelioma cancer cells or keep them from growing. These treatments can be administered in a hospital, at home, or through a clinic. A biopsy can help doctors determine the type of mesothelioma the patient is suffering from. There are three main mesothelioma cells types: epithelioid and biphasic and sarcomatoid. The most common mesothelioma cell type is epithelioid. They develop slower than other cancerous cells, and are therefore easier to treat. Sarcomatoid mesothelioma is more difficult to treat and can grow rapidly. If you are experiencing any of the symptoms that are not normal, you should seek immediate treatment. It is vital that they seek treatment as soon as they notice any signs. An incorrect diagnosis can stop them from receiving the appropriate treatment and prolong cancer time to develop. People with mesothelioma who receive aggressive treatment have a better chances of living a longer life. Diagnosis It can be difficult to diagnose mesothelioma because it is a rare type of cancer. It can take a doctor months or even weeks to identify a patient suffering from a condition that requires treatment. In addition to a physical examination doctors will inquire about asbestos exposure, and how symptoms started. The doctor may also request an imaging scan. These tests can identify areas of the chest cavity that are problematic. A biopsy is the primary test for diagnosing mesothelioma. This involves removing one small portion of the tumor and then examining it using the magnifying glass. The specialist doctor who examines the tumor will be able to tell whether it's mesothelioma as well as which type of mesothelioma it is. There are three types: sarcomatoid, mixed (biphasic) or epithelioid. The type of the cell is important as it influences how easy it is for the cancer to treat. Epithelioid cells are the most common, found in about 70% of mesothelioma cases. Sarcomatoid cancer cells are similar to the ones found in fibrous tissue. They are found in 30% of mesothelioma cases. The most deadly mesothelioma form, called mixed mesothelioma occurs when it is composed of epithelioid and sarcomatoid cancerous cells. A blood test can be used to determine if the levels of osteopontin, fibulin-3 and mesothelin-related soluble peptides are elevated in the body. These substances are more prevalent in mesothelioma compared to the general population. The results of these tests aren't conclusive in either proving or disproving a diagnose. The doctor might also recommend other tests if mesothelioma diagnosis is confirmed to determine how far the cancer's spreads and how it affects the health of the patient. A lung function test, for example will show how well the lungs function and help the doctor decide if surgery is a possibility. Other tests that may be done include the CT scan, MRI or PET-CT scan. A PET-CT scan is a combination of the CT scan and a positron emission tomography scanner that aids doctors in determining whether cancer has spread. A doctor may also order an ultrasound to assess for the accumulation of fluid around the heart. Treatment Patients with mesothelioma should discover the best treatment option for their condition. Treatment options include radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Patients should collaborate with the specialists of an expert mesothelioma cancer clinic in their area to receive the best care that is possible. Doctors can detect Mesothelioma with physical examinations, laboratory tests and imaging scans. A patient can be referred to a specialist for more detailed tests or treatment options, such as a biopsy. A biopsy is an operation that removes a small sample of tissue to study under the microscope. Mesothelioma, a cancer, occurs in the mesothelium which is a protective layer of cells that cover organs in the chest and abdomen. It can spread into the bloodstream, and then travel to other parts in the body that could cause serious complications. In addition to the biopsy, doctors could conduct a CT scan or an MRI of the chest and abdomen. These tests can be used to detect signs of mesothelioma, or other illnesses. They can also reveal the effects of the tumor on the surrounding organs. For example mesothelioma which affects the lungs can also affect the heart and intestines. Blood tests can reveal some substance in the blood that indicates the presence of mesothelioma. However these tests aren't always accurate and can't replace a mesothelioma biopsy. The early detection of mesothelioma crucial to increase survival rates. There are three types of mesothelioma that are based on the kind of cells that form. Epithelioid, the most common kind and is the most responsive to treatment. Sarcomatoid and biphasic mesothelioma are less responsive to treatment and have a less favorable prognosis. The Pleura is the lining which covers the lungs. Pleural mesothelioma can be treated by doctors with either surgery or chemotherapy. The mesothelioma type can be treated with two different procedures: extrapleural lung pneumonectomy (EPP), and pleurectomy/pericardiectomy (P/D). Doctors may also employ hyperthermic intraoperative chemotherapy or HIOC to reduce the chance that the cancer will recur after surgery. During HIOC, doctors insert cancer-fighting drugs directly into the surgical site. They then move the patient back and forth, bathing the site in hot chemotherapy fluids.